1 10 40 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/0740b38e49bdaefb69c539a922a2d0d7.jpeg 3eb03e5222b27d5d4385761fe494a19e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 84 in. (213.36 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sojourner Truth Statue (Highland, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bagwell, Vinnie, 1957- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom New York (State)--Highland Public art Public sculpture Women--Suffrage Subject (Name) Truth, Sojourner, c. 1797-1883 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 26, 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource New York State Women's Suffrage Commission; Modern Art Foundry; Fine Arts Specialists Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Walkway Over the Hudson State Historic Park, 87 Haviland Road, Highland, New York, 12528, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 84 in. (213.36 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Description An account of the resource Vinnie Bagwell's seven-foot-tall bronze statue of Sojourner Truth reveals a bespectacled, a middle-aged woman who stares resolutely forward, her head turned slightly to the right. Bagwell, perhaps taking inspiration from this undated carte de visite of Truth, shows Truth with her right arm outstretched by her side and a cane in her left hand. The folds of her skirt contain bas-reliefs from moments in Truth's life including images of a young enslaved mother comforting her child, a slavery sale sign, images of her abolitionist peers, and a poster for a Women's Suffrage March. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="http://timeshudsonvalley.com/stories/celebrating-womens-suffrage,19999" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hudson Valley Times</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, 625 Broadway, Albany, New York, 12207, United States Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Press Release. "New York State Announces Unveiling of Sojourner Truth Statue at The Walkway Over the Hudson State Historic Park." August 26, 2020. Accessed February 19, 2025. https://www.governor.ny.gov/unveiling-sojourner-truth-statue-walkway-over-hudson-state-historic-park. Santistevan, Ryan. "Sojourner Truth Statue Installed at Highland's Walkway Over the Hudson Welcome Center." Poughkeepsie Journal, August 18, 2020. Accessed February 19, 2025. https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/2020/08/18/sojourner-truth-statue-installed-walkway-over-hudson-highland/5596247002/. Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Informational plaque about the Sojourner Truth Statue: Isabelle Baumfree (Bomefree) was born enslaved in Ulster County among Dutch people. As Sojourner Truth she became one of the nation's leading voices for abolition and universal suffrage in the nineteenth century. She "walked away by day light," freeing herself from slavery one year before legal enslavement ended in New York. Following her deeply held religious views she traveled as an intinerant preacher, speaking "truth" to the harsh inequalities people of color and women suffered, while calling for systemic change. Naming herself Sojourner Truth, she became known for her strong mind and remarkable gift of language, which she used tirelessly for human rights. Throughout her life, Sojourner Truth fought for justice for all under the law. She won several court cases tied to the rights of Black women, including regaining her illegally-sold son and later defending herself against slander. Her imposing stature, remarkable oratory skills, and melodic voice propelled Truth to the forefront in the national debates on abolition, suffrage, and the flight of those formerly enslaved. Sojourner Truth's belief in equal rights for all humans has kept her in the public consciousness and allowed her to become a symbol for strength and change during the Civil Rights and Women's Movements of the 20th century. Statue Inscriptions A. "The Truth is Powerful and It Prevails." B. Three Spirals C. "Negroes for Sale" sign D. Mother, Son and Hand E. Heart Symbol (Adinkra) F. Isabella Baumtree G. Influenctial Faces H. Female Warrior I. Abolitionist Poster J. Dutch and Braille Translations "We are now trying for liberty that requires no blood--that women shall have their rights, not rights from you. Give them what belongs to them." --Sojourner Truth Vinnie Bagwell, Artist A native of New York State, Ms. Bagwell is a multi-disciplinary artist, sculptor, painter, writer, illustrator, and graphic designer. She has completed numerous public art commissions including a bronze of "The Lady of Jazz Ella Fitzgerald," which was the first public artwork of a contemporary African American woman to be commissioned by a municipality in the United States. Walkway Over the Hudson State Historic Park New York Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Adinkra symbols bas-relief bronze figurative portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eae68eafc47aa1634ff49681b4b234ee.jpg 160a487be55b26d28bf4b47f50dd4330 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Dimensions variable Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Araminta With Rifle and Veve (ephemeral) Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Ephermeral art New Jersey--Hamilton Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource A monumental outdoor figure of Harriet Tubman depicts her wearing a collared, long dress, holding a richly decorated rifle in her right hand—with its butt adored with flowers—and a colorfully beaded ceremonial staff called veve in her left. The statue is made of milled foam and coated with a bronze-colored patina. Tubman stands on a series of steps draped with numerous colorful quilts. The sculpture was installed at the Grounds for Sculpture from October 20, 2017-April 1, 2018. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Scott, Joyce J., 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/arts/design/joyce-j-scott-grounds-for-sculpture-harriet-tubman.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bryan Anselm</a> for the New York Times Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 20, 2017-April 1, 2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Grounds for Sculpture, 80 Sculptors Way, Hamilton, New Jersey, 08619, United States Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Milled foam; Found objects; Blown glass; Mixed media appliqués; Beads Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Princethal, Nancy. "Inspired by Harriet Tubman: An Artist Takes Glass to Extremes." New York Times, January 4, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/arts/design/joyce-j-scott-grounds-for-sculpture-harriet-tubman.html Dube, Ilene. "I Was an Artist in Vitro": Joyce J. Scott and Her Darkly Beautiful Art. Hyperallergic, January 30, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://hyperallergic.com/423894/i-was-an-artist-in-vitro-joyce-j-scott-and-her-darkly-beautiful-art/. Sims, Lowery Stokes and Patterson Sims. Joyce J. Scott: Harriet Tubman and Other Truths. Exh. cat. Hamilton, NJ: Grounds for Sculpture, 2018. Souza, Gabriella. "Towering Figure: After Winning a McArthur Fellowship, Joyce J. Scott Charts New Artistic Territory." Baltimore Magazine, 2018. Accessed April 1, 2018. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/towering-figure-macarthur-fellowship-winner-joyce-j-scott-charts-new-artistic-territory/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Extent The size or duration of the resource. Dimensions variable References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Monument and Myth: Commemorating Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Grounds for Sculpture; Lowery Stokes Sims; Patterson Sims; Seph Rodney; Robbye D. and Kevin Apperson; Jacqueline and Rene Copeland; Mike De Paola; Gordon and Lulie Gund; Greg Kucera and Larry Yocum; Barbara Lawrence and Allen Laskin; Martha Macks-Kahn; Henry Thaggert; Alan White; Clifford Ward (resident artist Grounds for Sculpture); Jeff Capes (contractor); Jason Wright; The Seward Johnson Atelier (Hamilton, NJ); John Lash and the Digital Atelier (Mercerville, NJ); and Timothy McFadden and McFadden Art Glass (Baltimore, MD) beads figurative found objects quilt squares https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/88b7ffec5ae2dd2f4cdc45ffa5841ad5.jpg fa400578e536d0ad1bf6bd8ffde8428a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 53.5 x 33 x 28.25 in. (135.98 x 83.82 x 71.76 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass Circle (Hempstead, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bagwell, Vinnie, 1957- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom New York (State)--Hempstead Public art Public sculpture Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource An elder Frederick Douglass is depicted seated on a scissors chair— the armrests are adorned with the faces of open-mouthed lions, while the chair’s legs have been carved in the shape of lion’s legs. In bas-relief, the chair’s back is embellished with a widely circulated 18th-century anti-slavery medallion manufactured by the English potter Josiah Wedgwood. The design, which was likely created by the sculptor Henry Webber, features an enslaved black man, kneeling and bound by chains. The text below the figure reads “Am I not a friend and a brother?” The medallion became an important emblem of the abolitionist movement in both Britain and the United States.  In Douglass's right hand, he holds the text to an 1883 speech that he delivered to mark the 20th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. The speech is continued on the pavement. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/hofstrauniversity/39344857345/in/photostream/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hofstra University</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 29, 2008 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hofstra University Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Daniel L. Monroe Lecture Center Courtyard, South Campus, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11549, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 53.5 x 33 x 28.25 in. (135.98 x 83.82 x 71.76 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Mesabi black granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Bagwell, Vinnie. "Frederick Douglass Circle." Coda Worx. Accessed October 31, 2019. https://www.codaworx.com/projects/frederick-douglass-circle-777. "Hofstra Happenings-Special 2008: Historic Sculpture Dedicated at Hofstra University." Hofstra Magazine, December 14, 2007. Accessed May 23, 2020. https://news.hofstra.edu/2007/12/14/hofstra-happenings-special-2008/. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Hofstra University Museum of Art, 112 Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, 11549, United States Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription at base of sculpture: Frederick Douglass Circle Vinne Bagwell 2008 Inscription on sheet in Douglass' hand: "Until color shall cease to be a bar to equal participation in the offices and honor of the country, this discussion will go on... Until the American people shall make character and not color the criterion of respectability, this discussion will go on..." --1883 black granite bronze figurative portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ed3544921837077d7a200430ee772dee.jpg 15e69fc644df8ac67fdef8e02acfede5 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4d348a867103b1319fc44aab1535ae45.jpg 7b3c778dea5308eac7cf37dbd00eaebe https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d820c950602ca48300c7664c93ff0b2f.jpg c1a76a444cb3492780d7ab6ce59b29f6 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ff9d1ef7253c8834e482521e52421be3.jpg 8abba3130086c97eac6da0a1d9ae035a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Statue and base: 132 in. (335.28 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass Memorial (Easton, Maryland) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carpenter, Jay Hall, 1961- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom Maryland--Easton Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Standing to the right of a lectern, Frederick Douglass is depicted as in elder statesman, with a furrowed brow and deep lines marking his face. Captured mid-speech, Douglass raises his right hand above his head in a rhetorical gesture, while his left-hand rests atop the lectern. The life-sized bronze figure rests on a base of stone. The work is located in front of the Maryland Circuit Court Judge’s Office in Easton, Maryland. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 18, 2011 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Frederick Douglass Honor Society (Eric Lowery, President); Town of Easton (Robert C. Wiley, Mayor); Talbot County Council (Dirck Bartlett, President); Frederick Douglass Monument Project of the Talbot County Historical Society; the Frederick Douglass Memorial Action Committee Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Talbot County Courthouse Lawn, 11 N Washington Street, Easton, Maryland, 21601, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on granite base: DOUGLASS Inscription on bronze plaque on back of monument: "In a composite nation like ours, as before the law, there should be no rich, no poor, no high, no low, no white, no black, but common country, common citizenship, equal rights and common destiny." Frederick Douglass 1818-1895 United States Marshall * Charge d'Affaires to the Dominican Republic * Minister to Haiti * Counselor to President Abraham Lincoln * Publisher * Author * Orator * Abolitionist * Slave Extent The size or duration of the resource. 132 in. (335.28 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Guy, Chris. "Douglass to Get Place by Easton Courthouse." The Baltimore Sun, March 17, 2004. Accessed October 31. 2019. https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-03-17-0403170268-story.html. Douglass Returns: The Dedication, June 16-19, 2011. Frederick Douglass Honor Society. Accessed January 31, 2026. https://frederickdouglasshonorsociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DouglassReturnsProgram.pdf. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Town of Easton, P.O. Box 520, Easton, Maryland, 21601, United States bronze figurative granite portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ca66799a49407e8ec8a348e60bf561ec.jpg 2f0bd0145391af4ed1058f00e5db9510 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b0c7652215450fa42149fa3209e8d1b2.jpg 160488037238f543465d47540bbcf83b https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/75b0d7008e040d0e34ca7578ad93157c.jpg 359aa9863bc11aeaacc6ab55c6a2259b https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/935c6d58a8ca3933f27bd871abfaf03e.jpg 8f7568eb063c3381d0093e34c76df515 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/f765f5b33795abde0f2a9da42d9baa67.jpg e602fa93131e4b9f6132c8f281c95230 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5852858a37f214c54e9dd01e3453e81a.jpg dfce99f437bd9f4a49a0e27baf607f13 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/c72fe3c63040af484604a8333baa522a.jpg 0fc592ff8823ec812256d9561c9c78ea https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3514f766ba42f2a300e833eea291eda9.jpg 39f68c7a3615bce636e618f57acb2413 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 96 in. (243.84 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass Memorial (New York, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Koren, Gabriel, 1947- Miller, Algernon, 1945- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Constellations Enslaved peoples--Emancipation Freedom Public art Public sculpture New York (State)--New York Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Standing to the right of a lectern, Gabriel Koren modeled Frederick Douglass as an elder statesman, with a furrowed brow and a deeply lined face. Resting his right hand atop the lectern, Douglass’ mouth is closed as he stares resolutely forward. Algernon Miller designed the granite seating and paving patterns, which are based on traditional African-American quilt motifs, as well as a bronze perimeter fence with a wagon wheel motif. Miller also created a bronze water wall that shows the Big Dipper constellation with the North Star. Quotations from Douglass embellish the site. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 20, 2011 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource NYC Percent for Art, NYC Department of Cultural Affairs; Mark Bunnell of Quenell Rothschild & Partners (landscape architects); and Polich-Tallix (foundry). Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 301 Frederick Douglass Circle , New York, New York, 10026, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on granite block 1: Born Frederick Augustus Bailey, 1818, Talbot county, Maryland. Inscription on granite block 2: Married Anna Murray in 1838, who died in 1882. Inscription on granite block 3: Married Helen Pitts in 1884. Inscription on granite block 4: "Whatever may be said as to a division of duties and avocations, the rights of man and the rights of woman are one and inseparable, and stand upon the same indestructible basis." -1851 Inscription on granite block 5: "The flight was a bold and perilous one; but here I am, in the great city of new york, safe and sound, without the loss of blood or bone." -1855 Inscription on granite block 6: "Such is my detestation of slavery, that I would keep the merciless slaveholder profoundly ignorant of the means of flight adopted by the slave. he should be left to imagine himself surrounded by myriads of invisible tormentors..." -1855 Inscription on granite block 7: "Of my father I know nothing. Slavery had no recognition of fathers, as none of families." -1845 Inscription on granite block 8: "If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation...Want crops without plowing up the ground...They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters...Power concedes nothing without a demand." -1857 Inscription on pavement: "Right is of no sex - truth is of no color - god is the father of us all, and we are all brethren" -Masthead of the North Star Inscription on north end of fountain. Frederick Douglass  1818-1895 Born into slavery in Maryland, Frederick Bailey found the way to freedom along the underground railroad in 1838. Disguised as a sailor, he traveled to manhattan by ship, and found shelter at the house of abolitionist David Ruggles on Lispenard Street. There, he awaited the arrival of his fiancee, Anna Murray, a free black woman from Maryland. They married, and together continued bailey's freedom journey to Massachusetts, where he changed his name to Douglass. Lauded for his oration, he became a prominent abolitionist and purchased his legal freedom from slavery. Publisher of the abolitionist journal the north star, he championed freedom for all Americans and endorsed women's suffrage. Douglass later held posts as assistant secretary of the Santo Domingo Commission (1871), Marshall of the District of Columbia (1877-1881) and U.S. Minister to Haiti (1889-1891). Following the death of his wife in 1884, Douglass married Helen Pitts. He died in Washington, D.C. On February 20, 1895. Inscription on south end of fountain: Gabriel Koren, sculptor  Algernon Miller, site artist December 2005 Inscription across fountain with constellations: "The types of mankind are various. They differ like the waves, but they are one like the sea." ". . . Under the flickering light of the north star behind some craggy hill or snow covered mountain, stood a doubtful freedom - half frozen - beckoning us to come and share its hospitality." Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. "Frederick Douglass Memorial." Central Park, Monuments, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed October 31, 2019. https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/2098. Cooper Hewett, Smithsonian Design Museum. "Harlem Focus: Public Monuments: Art in Collaboration with Landscape Design." May 9, 2013. Accessed May 23, 2020. https://www.cooperhewitt.org/tag/algernon-miller/ and https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=5K_LVkcVq-g&feature=emb_logo. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource NYC Parks, The Arsenal, Central Park, 830 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10065, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. 96 in. (243.84 cm) bas-relief bronze figurative granite inscription North Star portrait quilt squares https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/4c818df56de3958c2efb58f832ae3263.jpg 46043fc5d103f7d890448b2e8c3f109e https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/3efbf2c69ed97c51d7f4d9c31ecd46c3.jpg dfeb425e51e0461dce01d729b40d226b https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2aa8d9472f27aa6945c4183770e01691.jpg ba6f54ff17978c4f16a5d191a2b3dfcd https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/2cb8bf349ef011caea4df18a7071be92.jpg 9005930f8ae9e820db05bdf7f64810a4 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/7ce09bc59a267e2c045e4bf1aeb4d82c.jpg a91b5002a7e57350ac1e0c9d55e4eb32 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/52b734ac31b629802f292c586a2b6274.jpg cadc084d82d82906abc76e292420af2f https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/5d168a4b3cf868f2906e26939011b273.jpg 93d941224cb2e529215bf99e47f9066a https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/39b38c3dbac4f38075c322aeeafea579.jpg b38b4dd0103ef18733246c770f2c631a https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/53f0f360b62bffdcc2b58dce59380ea4.jpg 9bf986aced81d6ea48634c671cac3b1a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Statue: 90 in. (228.6 cm) Base: 36 in. (91.44 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass Monument (College Park, Maryland) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edwards, Andrew, 1965- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 18, 2015 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Maryland--College Park Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Located on the large brick plaza outside Hornbake Library at the University of Maryalnd, the full-size sculpture of Frederick Douglass portrays him in the middle of a speech with his mouth open and his brown deeply furrowed. His right arm is outstretched, and he grasps a copy of his autobiography in his left hand. His coat/cape billows out behind him in a swath of bronze, suggesting vigorous action as he steps foward. Douglass's name is inscribed on the black granite base. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ira Berlin and the North Stars; Facilities Management-UMD; Private donors; UMD Foundation; Maryland Commission on African American History and Culture; Maryland Historical Trust Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Frederick Douglass Square, University of Maryland, 4130 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Quotations on plaza bricks: "I was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot County, Maryland." "I am a Marylander, and love Maryland and her people." "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free." "The blow we strike is not merely to free a country or continent--but the whole world from Slavery--for when Slavery falls here it will fall everywhere." "Until it shall be safe to leave the lamb in the hold of the lion, the laborer in power of the capitalist, the poor in the hands of the rich, it will not be safe to leave a newly emancipated people completely in the power of their former masters, especially when such masters have not ceased to be such from enlightened moral convictions but by irresistible force." "Education means . . . emancipation." "This right of speech is very dear to the hearts of intelligent lovers of liberty." "It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men." "All that distinguishes man as an intelligent and accountable being, is equally true of woman . . . there can be no reason in the world for denying a woman the exercise of the elective franchise or a hand in the making and administering the laws of the land." "In a composite nation like ours, as before the law, there should be no rich, no poor, no high, no low, no white, no black, but common country, common citizenship, equal rights, and a common destiny." Inscription on black granite base: Frederick Douglass 1818-1895 Abolitionist, Suffragist, Labor Leader Stateman, Diplomat, Founding Father of the Second American Republic Orator, Scholar, Journalist Quotations on Corten steel panels: "The struggle may be a moral one, or it may be a physical one, and it may be both moral and physical, but [it] must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and never will." "No man can put a chain about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck." "He who does not love Justice and Liberty for all, does not love Justice and Liberty." "Right is of no sex--Truth is of no color." Inscription on bronze plaque: The University of Maryland is grateful to the many individuals and organizations, particularly the Maryland Commission on African American History and Culture as well as the Maryland Historic Trust, part of the Maryland Department of Planning, who generously supported the creation of Frederick Douglass Square. Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Black granite; Brick; Corten steel Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Arnett, Autumn A. “At UMD, New Frederick Douglass Square Illustrates State’s Racial Duality." Diverse Issues in Higher Education, November 24, 2015. Accessed November 23, 2018. https://diverseeducation.com/article/79147/. Frederick Douglass Remembered. Ireland's Great Hunger Institute, Quinnipiac University. Accessed November 26, 2018. https://www.qu.edu/academics/centers-and-institutes/irelands-great-hunger-institute/. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Frederick Douglass Ireland Monument Extent The size or duration of the resource. Statue: 90 in. (228.6 cm) Base: 36 in. (91.44 cm) Has Version A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource. Frederick Douglass Monument, Quinnipiac University School of Law, 2018 black granite bronze Corten steel figurative inscription portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/eea496a3fdd42ff58e68eb813e78e559.jpeg 146cc25e830dd16574f5e8670e20f4f7 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/8f3441212d5803a72fc1cf1cbaa3acbf.jpeg 3b0ae7e0c5c663d97aba05af9a530b2a https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/ec0c5ed1189b1d467efca11f9fcb764e.jpeg 9ad6892766f7548d5cb177c1a0c00e2c https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/f86324513a3356610dccb124e8070b6b.jpeg 1fec6269394e54847ad57f006e131152 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/d11da656c9a9f22d2ed46ffe433ab251.jpeg 20c57c7fb0106edcd2383a0d17f5cbe0 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/9c323e540c0d83c5406eb67398ae6617.jpeg d3ac279c1275065713f0dc417670a212 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/227a8c62e2a555855d24c67c7c8d4d5c.jpeg 908b18e53cc0a470c159ac01c6b3fa4b https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/230e816f33c2c47bf39f4c1ac821745d.jpg d2cb16828b70e2bde6c9235d46197f39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Statue: 96 in. (243.84 cm) Pededstal: 108 in. (274.32 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass Monument (Rochester, New York) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edwards, Stanley W. Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom New York (State)--Rochester Public art Public sculpture Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Sculptor Stanley W. Edwards modeled Douglass with his shoulders back, feet planted squarely forward, and his arms outstretched with his palms open as if he were addressing an audience. Mounted on the statue's pedestal are four bronze plaques, three of which are inscribed with quotes from Frederick Douglass. This monument was originally located in front of the old New York Central Train Station (St. Paul Street and Central Avenue) in Rochester, New York. In 1941, the work was moved to Highland Bowl, a part of Highland Park, close to the location of Douglass' farm (no longer extant) on South Avenue. Photos of the monument were taken in Highland Bowl, Highland Park, Rochester, New York in 2018. In October 2019, the City of Rochester moved the monument to a newly designated Frederick Douglass Memorial Plaza at South Avenue and Robinson Drive. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photographs by Renée Ater Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 9, 1899 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Frederick Douglass Memorial Plaza, South Avenue and Robinson Drive, Rochester, New York, 14620, United States Extent The size or duration of the resource. Statue: 96 in. (243.84 cm) Pededstal: 108 in. (274.32 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Westerly blue granite Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Haight, R. J. "Among the Sculptors." The Monumental News, vol. 10, no. 9 (1898): 516. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://books.google.com/books?id=qMQ4soroX0cC&pg=PA33&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false. Thompson, James W. An Authentic History of the Frederick Douglass Monument. Rochester, NY: Rochester Herald Press, 1903. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.libraryweb.org/~digitized/books/History_Douglass_Monument.pdf. Greenwood, Marcia. "Original Frederick Douglass Statue Is on the Move." Democrat & Chronicle, October 21, 2019. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2019/10/21/frederick-douglass-statue-being-moved-out-highland-park-bowl-rochester-ny/4054831002/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource George A. Benton; Charles R. Douglass; Hester C. Jeffrey; Benjamin Myers; Nathan P. Pond; Governor Theodore Roosevelt; Enoch R. Spalding; William A. Sutherland; Gertrude A. Thompson; John W. Thompson; John Van Voorhis Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource City of Rochester, Department of Environmental Services, 30 Church Street, Rochester, New York, 14614, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque (north): Frederick Douglass Bronze plaque (west): “I know no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. I know of no country, where the conditions for effecting great changes in the settled order of things, for the development of right ideas of liberty and humanity are more favorable than here in these United States.” Extract from speech on Dred Scott Decision, delivered in New York, May 1857. Bronze plaque (south): “The best defense of free American institutions is the hearts of the American people themselves”. “One with God is a majority.” “I know no rights of race superior to the rights of humanity.” Bronze plaque (east): “Men do not live by bread alone; so with nations, they are not saved by art, but by honesty; not by the gilded splendors of wealth, but by the hidden treasures of manly virtue; not by the multitudinous gratification of the flesh, but by the celestial guidance of the spirit.” Extract from speech on The West India Emancipation, delivered at Canandaigua, N.Y., August 4, 1857 19th-century sculpture bronze figurative granite inscription portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/964f968fd9da508c144d98566bf34974.jpg f3a9f83bb04f5b031adbdbc10a75771c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 96 in. (243.84 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass (Baltimore, Maryland) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lewis, James Edward, 1923-1997 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipaiton Freedom Maryland--Baltimore Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Caught mid-stride, the over life-size bronze statue of Frederick Douglass stands in front of Holmes Hall on the campus of Morgan State University, a historically Black university in Baltimore, Maryland. The bearded Douglass holds a cane in his right hand as he steps forward on his right foot. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frederick_Douglass_Statue,_Morgan_State_University,_1700_E._Coldspring_Lane,_Baltimore,_MD_21251_(33520859023).jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Wikipedia Commons</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 20, 1956 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maryland Educational Association; Children in Colored Schools; and the Citizens of Maryland. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland, 21251, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Holmes Hall, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland, 21251, United States Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Frederick Douglass at Morgan State University Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Inscription on granite base: Frederick Douglass 1817-1895 Humanitarian Statesman Bronze plaque on back of monument: Erected By the Maryland Educational Association Through Contributions of Children in Colored Schools And Citizens of Maryland. In the Year 1956. "I am an American And As an American I speak to America." Frederick Douglass James E. Lewis Sculptor Extent The size or duration of the resource. 96 in. (243.84 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Kelly, Cindy, and Edwin Harlan Remsberg. Outdoor Sculpture in Baltimore: A Historical Guide to Public Art in the Monumental City. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. bronze figurative granite https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/62a3c815d33a288ba66b7149b593a56e.jpg 167ed83091b73e2248c4d5613173d4af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 72 in. (182.88 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass (Baltimore, Maryland) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robinson, Marc Andre, 1972- Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Enslaved persons--Emancipation Freedom Maryland--Baltimore Public art Public sculpture Slavery--Maryland Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource The six-foot-tall bronze head of Frederick Douglass is located in the Frederick Douglass-Isaac Myers Maritime Park in Baltimore’s southeastern waterfront. Douglass is modeled with a full beard and mustache. The textured and rough surface of Robinson’s work creates a sense of movement as light reflects off the uneven surface, highlighting the work’s divots and crests. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/monumentcity/3335648921/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Flickr: Monument City</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Living Classrooms Foundation; Steve Zeiger (Zeiger/Snead Architects); Michael Vergason Landscape Architects Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Frederick Douglass-Isaac Myers Maritime Park, 1417 Thames Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Informational placard adjacent to the work: Frederick Douglass Sculpture Frederick Douglass-Isaac Myers Maritime Park A Living Classroom Frederick Douglass is one of the best-known Americans of the 19th century. Schools, churches and other community buildings across the United States have been named after him. Known for bravery, vision, and insightfulness, Douglas fought for the rights of African Americans and women. He stressed equal rights and economic progress for all Americans. This bronze sculpture by Marc Andre Robinson, a Maryland Institute College of Art graduate, stands 6 feet tall wide and weighs 1,100 lbs. Mr. Robinson declares, "My ideas for the Frederick Douglass sculpture are meant to reflect collaborative art production and to emphasize the actual process of understanding and making history. The permanence of the bronze will function for the Living Classroom Foundation (and the Douglass-Myers Museum) as a monument to the seriousness of the indelible commitment to Baltimore youth." (Inscriptions below the images on the information plaque) Go inside the museum building to see these and other bronze sculptures created by Living Classrooms Crossroads Middle School students, under the guidance of Marc Robinson, sculptor of the Frederick Douglass statue. Extent The size or duration of the resource. 72 in. (182.88 cm) Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. The Historical Marker Database. "Frederick Douglass Sculpture." March 13, 2017. Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=103409. White, Amy Brecount. "The Driving Forces Behind Maritime Park." Washington Post, October 27, 2006. Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/26/AR2006102600448.html. Living Classrooms Foundation Frederick Douglass-Isaac Myers Maritime Park and Museum. Projects, Ziger/Snead Architects, Baltimore. Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.zigersnead.com/projects/frederick-douglass-isaac-myers-museum. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Living Classrooms Foundation, 802 S Caroline Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21231, United States bronze figurative portrait https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/24240a1961b0c15a570faaad83d6c688.jpg 83a96d82795559ddc3a6b7bb927dacb9 https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/b6ac4fd81e859f1eef3e54c121865723.jpg 953b7ad296e8cdbef002e5df4519e4f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Abolitionists: Tubman, Douglass, Truth Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Grace Yasumura Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Renée Ater Description An account of the resource The monuments and memorials in this collection commemorate the extraordinary achievements of three U.S. Black abolitionist and freedom seekers: Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (c. 1822-1913); Frederick Douglass (c. 1818-1895); and Sojourner Truth (1797-1883). Born into slavery on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom in 1849. During the next ten years, she made approximately thirteen trips into Maryland to rescue other enslaved family members and friends. She provided instructions for escape to about 70 more enslaved people who were able to self-emancipate. During the Civil War, she served the United States Army as a spy, scout, nurse and cook. As one of the most famous conductors of the Underground Railroad, the monuments in this section often depict Tubman leading groups of freedom seekers on their journey northwards to freedom, such as Mario Chiodo’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unwavering Courage in the Pursuit of Freedom</a>. In other works, such as Alison Saar’s <a href="https://www.harriettubmanmonuments.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swing Low</a>, Tubman is depicted alone, facing southward as she makes the perilous journey back to Maryland to free more enslaved people. One of the most brilliant orators of his generation, Frederick Douglass worked ceaselessly for the cause of abolition. Among his many achievements, Douglass became one of the early and important critical theorists of photography, a medium invented in 1839. In a series of lectures delivered between 1861-1865, Douglass argued that photography had the power to shape people’s understandings of race and as such could be deployed to resist distorted representations of African Americans. Douglass, who was exceptionally aware of the power of his own image, sat for a number of portraits over several decades, circulating his image widely. His photographic portraits serve as the basis for a number of the works in this collection, including Ivan Schwartz’s <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/items/show/1193" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Frederick Douglass</a>, created for the New York Historical Society. Sojourner Truth was born into slavery in 1797 in Swartekill, New York. She emancipated herself, escaping to freedom in 1826. During her 30-year career, she became a formidable force in several 19th-century reform movements, linking the struggles for Black freedom with women’s suffrage. Truth capitalized on both the affecting power of photography and its reproducibility to support her activism. She created carte-de-visite portraits of herself, which she copyrighted, adding the caption “I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance. Sojourner Truth.” As Darcy Grimaldo Grigsby explores in her book Enduring Truths: Sojourner’s Shadows and Substance (2015), Truth “made her photographic portrait worth money in order to end slavery—and also became the strategic author of her public self.” Commemorative works such as the <a href="https://www.slaverymonuments.org/files/original/1b9f9d28475430765059a059a43787b2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sojourner Truth Memorial</a> in Florence, Massachusetts, are based on the photographic portrait that Truth so carefully created and circulated. Updated January 26, 2026 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Sculpture Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 93.6 in. (237.74 cm) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frederick Douglass (Hillsdale, Michigan) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wolfe, Bruce, 1941-2022 Subject The topic of the resource Subject (Topic) Antislavery movements--United States Freedom Michigan--Hillsdale Public art Public sculpture Underground Railroad Subject (Name) Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895 Subject (Object Type) Commemorative sculpture Description An account of the resource Located on Hillsdale College’s Liberty Walk, the bronze statue of Frederick Douglass is the first African American figure to be included on the Liberty Walk. The bearded Douglass clasps his hands around a book, his torso turning gently leftward as he shifts his weight to his left leg. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photograph: <a href="https://www.brucewolfe.com/frederick-douglass/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bruce Wolfe Ltd.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 12, 2017 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Hillsdale College (President Larry Arnn) and James Nagy (benefactor). Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Hillsdale College, 33 E College Street, Hillsdale, Michigan, 49242, United States Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Visual Arts-Sculpture Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lane Hall, Liberty Walk, Hillsdale College, 33 E College Street, Hillsdale, Michigan, 49242, United States Has Part A related resource that is included either physically or logically in the described resource. Bronze plaque on granite base: Frederick Douglass Dedicated May 11, 2017, in proud recognition of the speech given at Hillsdale College by Frederick Douglass on January 11, 1863 "Neither law, learning, nor religion, is addressed to any man’s color or race. Science, education, the Word of God, and all the virtues known among men, are recommended to us, not as races, but as men. We are not recommended to love or hate any particular variety of the human family more than any other. Not as Ethiopians; not as Caucasians; not as Mongolians; not as Afro-Americans, or Anglo-Americans, are we addressed, but as men. God and nature speak to our manhood, and to our manhood alone. Here all ideas of duty and moral obligation are predicated." —Blessing of Liberty and Education—September 3, 1894 With Gratitude to Mr. James Nagy in Memory of his beloved Wanda Nagy Dr. and Mrs. Larry Arnn Bruce Wolfe—Sculptor Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Bronze; Granite Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Renée Ater Extent The size or duration of the resource. 93.6 in. (237.74 cm) Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. Hillsdale College. "Frederick Douglass: A Brief History."  Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.hillsdale.edu/frederick-douglass/. Hillsdale College. "Hillsdale College Unveils Statue of Frederick Douglass." Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.hillsdale.edu/news-and-media/press-releases/hillsdale-college-unveils-statue-frederick-douglass/. Hillsdale College. "A Man Worth Emulating: Frederick Douglass Statue Dedicated on Hillsdale's Liberty Walk." Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.hillsdale.edu/hillsdale-blog/hillsdale-magazine/worth-emulating-frederick-douglass/. Wolfe, Bruce. "Frederick Douglass, Statue Unveiling at Hillsdale College." Accessed May 24, 2020. https://www.brucewolfe.com/frederick-douglass/. book bronze figurative granite portrait